奶制品行业冷链物流分析（一）

鲜奶行业冷链物流分析（一）.wav2:38来自LearningYard学苑

冷链物流一般指的是需要冷藏、冷冻的商品在生产、运输、储存、销售环节中需要保持在规定的低温环境下的一种物流手段，由于冷链物流对企业的基础设施要求较高，对运输时间有极大的规定，所以多数公司并没有完全的属于自己的冷链物流，但对于运输量大、保鲜时限短、公司有较为强大的资金储备，多选择建立自己的冷链物流系统。

冷链物流对应的商品有初级的农产品例如蔬菜、水果、肉、花卉等，也有加工食品例如速冻食品、冰激凌、巧克力、奶制品、快餐原料等，还有特殊商品例如药品。由于这些商品的保存温度不同，冷链物流又可以根据温度划分为超低温物流（适用温度范围为-50℃以下）、冷冻物流（适用温度范围为-18℃以下）、冰温物流（适用温度范围为-2℃~2℃）、冷藏物流（适用温度范围为0℃~10℃）、其他控温物流（适用温度范围为10℃~25℃）。鲜奶行业的产品多为乳制品，所以鲜奶企业多选择冷藏运输。

由于我国过去对鲜奶的需求不大，所以我国奶源多产自新疆、内蒙古等地区，自改革开放后，鲜奶市场展现出蓬勃生机，1990-2000的十年平均增长率为12.1%，位居世界第一，这就对我国的鲜奶运输环节产生了更大的压力，以蒙牛、伊利为代表的大型奶制品企业开始展开属于自己的冷链物流。

但是由于冷链物流使用价格较高，会增加奶制品企业的运输成本，同时奶制品的冷链运输需要贯穿整个销售环节，那么对每个环节的冷链物流的质量都有几个的要求，对于部分供应商来说，他们无法找到合适的冷链，从而导致奶制品的质量降低。

Cold chain logistics generally refers to a logistics method that needs to be kept in a specified low temperature environment in the production， transportation， storage and sales of commodities that need to be refrigerated and frozen. There are also huge regulations on transportation time， so most companies do not have their own cold chain logistics. However， for large transportation volume， short preservation time， and relatively strong capital reserves， the company chooses to establish its own cold chain logistics system. .

The commodities corresponding to cold chain logistics include primary agricultural products such as vegetables， fruits， meat， flowers， etc.， as well as processed foods such as frozen food， ice cream， chocolate， dairy products， fast food raw materials， etc.， as well as special commodities such as medicines. Due to the different storage temperatures of these commodities， cold chain logistics can be divided into ultra-low temperature logistics (applicable temperature range is below -50°C)， frozen logistics (applicable temperature range is below -18°C)， and ice-temperature logistics (applicable temperature range is below -18°C)， ice-temperature logistics (applicable temperature range) -2℃~2℃)， refrigerated logistics (the applicable temperature range is 0℃~10℃)， and other temperature-controlled logistics (the applicable temperature range is 10℃~25℃). Most of the products in the fresh milk industry are dairy products， so fresh milk companies mostly choose refrigerated transportation.

Due to the small demand for fresh milk in my country in the past， my countrys milk sources are mostly produced in areas such as Xinjian and Inner Mongolia. Since the reform and opening up， the fresh milk market has shown vigorous vitality. The ten-year average growth rate from 1990 to 2000 was 12.1%. Ranking first in the world， this has put more pressure on my countrys fresh milk transportation. Large-scale dairy companies represented by Mengniu and Yili have begun to develop their own cold chain logistics.

However， due to the high price of cold chain logistics， it will increase the transportation cost of dairy companies. At the same time， the cold chain transportation of dairy products needs to run through the entire sales process， so there are several requirements for the quality of cold chain logistics in each link. For some suppliers， they were unable to find a suitable cold chain， resulting in lower quality dairy products.

参考资料：文字：百度；图片：微词云；翻译：谷歌翻译

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